mapreduce is all about filter and sorting in a distributed fashion (obviously this is not a great definition).
With large datasets, the benefit of mapreduce can be seen in performing the operations in a distributed computing environment.
Some example uses of mapreduce:
http://www.datasalt.com/2012/12/mapreduce-real-use-cases/
http://stevekrenzel.com/finding-friends-with-mapreduce
mrjob facilitates writing mapreduce jobs in python and running the jobs in many different ways.
Why mrjob?
https://pythonhosted.org/mrjob/guides/why-mrjob.html#overview